The XB-70, one of the world's most exotic airplanes, was conceived for the Strategic Air Command in the 1950s as a high-altitude bomber that could fly three times the speed of sound (Mach 3). Because of fund limitations, only two were built, not as bombers, but as research aircraft for the advanced study of aerodynamics, propulsion, and other subjects related to large supersonic aircraft. The Valkyrie was built largely of stainless-steel honeycomb sandwich panels and titanium. It was designed to make use of a phenomenon called "compression lift," achieved when the shock wave generated by the airplane flying at supersonic speeds supports part of the airplane's weight. For improved stability at supersonic speeds, the Valkyrie could droop its wingtips as much as 65 degrees.
美国空军在1954年10月构想要发展具有洲际能力的轰炸机,后来变为发展一种B-52的后续机种,于是要求具有B-52同等武器载荷和续航力。
The No. 1 XB-70 made its initial flight on September 21, 1964, and achieved Mach 3 flight on October 14, 1965. The No. 2 airplane first flew on July 17, 1965, but on June 8, 1966, it crashed following a mid-air collision. The No. 1 airplane continued in its research program until flown to the Museum on February 4, 1969.
1958 年北美公司集才构思蓝图,1959 年 3 月国防部核准制作实体模型,于是北美公司在加州羚羊谷的棕榄谷分厂建立制造 B-70的专业工厂,而发动机则由通用电气公司设在俄亥俄州的辛纳蒂厂来进行推力改进的工作。年底国防部要求仅制一架原型机,1960 年冬又改要求增造相当数量的 B-70,供战略空军使用。
最后 1963 年 3 月对大型战略轰炸机的观念改变,又缩减仅制造两架,历经数年的毒性燃料、洲际弹道导弹、U-2 事件等政策改变波折,终于第一架XB-70A(编号 20001)在 1964 年 5 月 11 日首次公开展示,1964 年 9 月 21 日首次试飞,而在后续飞行测试过程创下 21,500 米高度,3 马赫巡航速度的世界纪录。该机能在21021米高空以3马赫飞行,能内携11340千克炸弹,最大续航距离超过8000千米的超级轰炸机——XB-70。
XB-70的快速出动能力极为出色。XB-70从发动机开始准备到离开跑道只需25分钟,跑道滑行时间最快仅需45秒,而且飞行员无需做生理检查,甚至在飞行时不穿飞行服,也丝毫无碍生理健康。

B-70采用三角翼设计,前缘向下倾斜,并将约 47 平方米的翼尖与主翼以铰链方式接合,在高速飞行时翼尖可垂下 25 度至 65 度。 理论上此折动机翼有三种好处(高速时):使翼尖起到部分垂直安定面作用,有助于 B-70的方向安定性。超音速时,可抵消其上反角效应。破坏翼面后部所产生的部份升力,避免升力中心过度向后移动,使飞机趋于稳定。
XB-70的翼尖在高速飞行时翼尖可垂下 25 度至 65 度。而在设计 B-70前,NACA(为 NASA 前身)曾发现一种压缩升力的现象,即在某种高速下,一种适当形状的物体可使音障形成的激波撑起物体,如同冲浪快艇般的乘波奔驰,因此XB-70A 的进气道位于三角翼之下,其巨大体积恰使激波形成向上的压缩空气,能被机翼捕捉,从而提供了免费升力。
XB-70前置鸭翼的设计部份是为了抵消因高速飞行主翼升力中心后移时,机鼻向下的趋势。 鸭翼前缘有一个
[1] [2] [3] 下一页